Mood are a category of mental health conditions affecting a person's emotional state, leading to periods of extreme sadness, elevated mood, or a combination of both. These disorders include conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymia, each marked by different patterns and intensity of mood changes. Mood disorders can significantly affect daily functioning, relationships, and overall quality of life. (They often require a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes for effective management).

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. It can affect sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, significantly impairing daily life.

PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by a traumatic event, leading to symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. It can cause significant distress and impair functioning.

TRD is form of depression that does not respond adequately to standard treatments, such as antidepressant medications or psychotherapy. Individuals with TRD may experience persistent symptoms despite trying multiple treatment options. This condition often requires more intensive or alternative approaches, including combinations of medications, augmentation with other therapies like psychotherapy or novel treatments such as ketamine or esketamine. Managing TRD often involves a comprehensive, individualized approach to address the complex factors contributing to the resistance to treatment.

Anxiety Disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear, worry, and related behavioral disturbances. These disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias, among others. Symptoms can range from persistent worry and restlessness to intense episodes of fear (panic attacks) that can significantly interfere with daily life. Anxiety disorders often involve physical symptoms like heart palpitations, sweating, and dizziness. Treatment may include psychotherapy, medications, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and improve functioning.

ADHD/ADD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting both children and adults, characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. An integrative approach to treamtent may include a combination of medication, organizational skills building and mindfulness.

Bipolar Disorder is mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood episodes can vary in duration and intensity. During manic phases, individuals may feel euphoric, overly energetic, and impulsive, while depressive phases can involve deep sadness, fatigue, and a loss of interest in daily activities. Bipolar disorder is divided into several types, including Bipolar I (characterized by full manic episodes) and Bipolar II (characterized by hypomanic and depressive episodes). Treatment often includes sleep hygiene, medications, and psychotherapy to help manage and balance these mood fluctuations.

complex PTSD (cPTSD) is a form of PTSD resulting from prolonged, repeated trauma, often occurring in childhood or in situations where escape is difficult, such as abusive relationships. C-PTSD includes the core symptoms of PTSD (flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety) but also involves additional symptoms like emotional dysregulation, negative self-perception, difficulty in relationships, and a pervasive sense of hopelessness or despair. It can lead to significant challenges in daily functioning and relationships.

OCD is a disorder characterized by intrusive, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that the person feels driven to perform. These behaviors aim to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event but often lead to significant distress.

A condition characterized by intense, persistent grief that lasts longer than what is typically expected after the loss of a loved one. Unlike normal grief, which gradually lessens over time, PGD involves ongoing longing or preoccupation with the deceased, emotional numbness, difficulty accepting the loss, and an inability to engage in life. This condition can significantly impair daily functioning, relationships, and overall well-being, requiring therapeutic intervention to help the individual process their grief and move forward.

Insomnia is a sleep disorder where individuals have difficulty falling or staying asleep, or wake up too early and cannot return to sleep. It can result in daytime fatigue, mood disturbances, and impaired functioning.

A group of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, typically 1-2 weeks before menstruation. Symptoms may include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, bloating, fatigue, and changes in sleep or appetite. These symptoms usually resolve with the onset of menstruation and are less severe than those of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), but they can still cause discomfort and interfere with daily life.

Antidepressant Withdrawal Syndrome has become more recognized in recent years. It can occur when antidepressant medications, particularly SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) and SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors), are discontinued too quickly. This syndrome can sometimes be confused with a relapse of depression, leading to unnecessary resumption of medication.

A chronic condition involving an inability to control or stop drinking despite negative consequences. It often leads to tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and a persistent desire or unsuccessful attempts to cut down on alcohol use.